facts about diabetes

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What is diabetes?Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by many factors, with simtomaof chronic hyperglycemia and impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats andprotein, as a result of :

• Deficiency of insulin secretion, insulin activity, or both.
• Glucose transporter deficiency.
• Or both.

Various diseases, syndromes and simtoma can be triggered by diabetes mellitus,such as : Alzheimer's, ataxia-telangiectasia, Down syndrome, Huntington'sdisease, mitochondrial disorders, miotonis dystrophy, Parkinson's disease,Prader-Willi syndrome, Werner syndrome, Wolfram syndrome, leukoaraiosis,dementia , hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, and others.
Classify forms of diabetes mellitus :

1. Type 1 diabetes, which include simtoma ketoacidosis until the destruction ofbeta cells in the pancreas caused by or causing autoimmunity, and isidiopathic. Diabetes mellitus with unclear pathogenesis, such as cysticfibrosis or the deficiency of mitochondria, are not included in thisclassification.
2.  Type 2 diabetes, caused by a deficiency of insulin secretion, oftenaccompanied by insulin resistance syndrome 

• Gestational diabetes, which includes gestational impaired glucosetolerance, and 
• gestational diabetes mellitus GIGT, GDM.and according toclinical stage without consideration of the pathogenesis, made into :

1. Diabetes requiring insulin for survival, as in the case of C-peptidedeficiency.
2. Diabetes requiring insulin for control. At this stage, endogenousinsulin secretion is not sufficient to achieve normoglicemia symptoms, if notaccompanied by additional hormones from outside the body.
3. Not insulin requiring diabetes.

Fourth grade in clinical stage classification similar to IDDM (English:insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), being the fifth and sixth stages aremembers of the classification of NIDDM (English: non-insulin-dependent diabetesmellitus). IDDM and NIDDM is a classification listed in the InternationalNomenclature of Diseases in 1991 and revisions to the 10th InternationalClassification of Diseases in 1992.
Malnutrion-related classification of diabetes mellitus, MRDM, no longer usedbecause, although malnutrition can affect the expression of several types ofdiabetes, up to now has not found evidence that malnutrition or proteindeficiency can lead to diabetes. MRDM subtypes; protein-deficient pancreaticdiabetes mellitus, PDPDM, PDPD, PDDM, is still regarded as a form ofmalnutrition that was induced by diabetes mellitus and requires furtherresearch. Whereas the other subtypes, Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes, FCPD,classified as exocrine pancreatic disease in fibrocalculous pancreatopathy trajectorythat induce diabetes mellitus.

Classification of Impaired Glucose Tolerance, IGT, now defined as the stage ofdefective glucose regulation, as can be observed in all types of aberrationhiperglisemis. But no longer considered diabetic.
 Classification of Impaired Fasting glycaemia, IFG, was introduced as the ratiosimtoma fasting blood sugar is higher than the upper limit of normal range, butstill below the ratio determined as the basis for the diagnosis of diabetes.